The Ancient City of Ephesus, located in modern-day Turkey, was one of the most important cities in the classical world, flourishing as a major port and religious center in Ionia. Rebuilt dramatically in the 3rd century BC, it reached its zenith under the Roman Empire, becoming the capital of the province of Asia and home to an estimated 250,000 inhabitants.
Ephesus is renowned for its remarkably preserved monumental architecture. Highlights include the magnificent two-story façade of the Library of Celsus, a testament to Roman scholarly life, and the massive Great Theatre, which could seat 25,000 spectators for dramatic performances and gladiatorial contests. The city featured paved marble streets like Curetes Street, sophisticated public facilities, and elaborate residential Terrace Houses offering insights into elite living.
Historically, Ephesus was famed for housing the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Furthermore, it played a crucial role in early Christianity; the Apostle Paul preached here, and the city is referenced in the Book of Revelation. Despite its eventual decline due to the silting of its harbor, Ephesus remains an unparalleled archaeological site, offering a vivid immersion into Roman urban life.
